今天开始学IOS咯！~~其实是因为我OC的书忘在家里了~~，Macbook还没到，再不到的话我可能还没学完整个人都先疯掉了QAQ

我得找个时间签一下转租合同什么的，马上就要到月底了嗝

晚上回去再说吧

Let’s start!

Inspire Creativity, Enrich Life

UIView

是最基础的类，UIKit中的一个部分用于布局和管理所有的子View

布局的时候设置大小和位置（frame）位置用的是左上角的坐标

frame使用CGRect类实现

管理子View的时候是用的栈结构，位置重叠的话会优先展示栈顶的元素

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] init];
view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
view.frame = CGRectMake[100, 100, 100, 100];
[self.view addSubView: view];

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] init];

view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

view.frame = CGRectMake[100, 100, 100, 100];

[self.view addSubView: view];

类似这样的方法可以创建一个UIView

背景颜色设置：

self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

1	self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

这样的方法可以将背景色变成白色

我们可以创建一个UIView的子类并重写部分方法：

@interface TestView : UIView
@end
@implementation TestView
- (instancetype) init{
    self = [super init];
    if(self){
    
    }
return self;
- (void)willMoveToSuperview:(nullable UIView *)newSuperview{
    [super willMoveToSuperview];
}
- (void) didMoveToSuperview{
    [super didMoveToSuperview];
}
- (void) willMoveToWindow:(nullable UIView *) newWindow{
    [super willMoveToWindow:newWindow];
}
- (void)didMoveToWindow{
    [super didMoveToWindow];
}

@interface TestView : UIView

@end

@implementation TestView

- (instancetype) init{

self = [super init];

if(self){

}

return self;

- (void)willMoveToSuperview:(nullable UIView *)newSuperview{

[super willMoveToSuperview];

}

- (void) didMoveToSuperview{

[super didMoveToSuperview];

}

- (void) willMoveToWindow:(nullable UIView *) newWindow{

[super willMoveToWindow:newWindow];

}

- (void)didMoveToWindow{

[super didMoveToWindow];

}

通过单步调试我们发现UIView生命周期

willMoveToSuperview
didMoveToSuperview
willMoveToWindow
didMoveToWindow

我们可以通过自定义函数来实现一部分的功能

UIViewController

视图控制器，自身包含View（UIViewController Default View），是一个包含多个View的容器

在我们创建一个UIView的时候，会将其粘贴到UIViewController中的View中，所以可以实现对全部视图的管理

可以管理View视图的生命周期
响应用户操作
和App整体交互，视图的切换
作为一个container管理多个Controller和动画

例如滚动的相应就是UIViewController响应的，点击一个页面向左拉出一个页面也是UIViewController的功能

UIViewController生命周期

init
viewDidLoad 用于View的初始化
viewWillAppear
viewDidAppear 展示View的函数

viewWillDisappear
viewDidDisappear
dealloc

利用UIView和UIViewController搭建App

UIView负责页面内内容呈现
基础的UIViewController可以管理多个UIView
高级的UIViewController可以管理多个UIViewController
UIViewController在管理UIView的同时，可以负责不同页面的切换

单页面展示

采用列表滚动展示
通过较长滚动页面展示内容

多页面管理

4到5个底部按钮
通过Push的方式进行页面切换

UITabBar

视图加入UITabbarController

UITabBarButton用于交互

tabBarItem.image表示图片

tabBarItem.title表示下面的文字

UITabBarContoller

管理多个UIViewController来切换页面

setViewControllers

UITabBarController *tabbarController = [[UITabBarController alloc]init];
UIViewController *controller1 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
controller1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
controller1.tabBarItem.title = @"新闻";
controller1.tarBarItem.image = [UIImage imagenamed: @"..."];
controller1.tarBarItem,selectedImage = [UIImage imagenamed: @"..."];
UIViewController *controller2 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
controller2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
controller2.tabBarItem.title = @"视频";
UIViewController *controller3 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
controller3.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
controller3.tabBarItem.title = @"推荐";
UIViewController *controller4 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
controller4.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGreyColor];
controller4.tabBarItem.title = @"我的";
[tabbarController setViewControllers:@[controller1, controller2, controller3, controller4];
self.window.rootViewController = tabbarController;

UITabBarController *tabbarController = [[UITabBarController alloc]init];

UIViewController *controller1 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];

controller1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

controller1.tabBarItem.title = @"新闻";

controller1.tarBarItem.image = [UIImage imagenamed: @"..."];

controller1.tarBarItem,selectedImage = [UIImage imagenamed: @"..."];

UIViewController *controller2 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];

controller2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

controller2.tabBarItem.title = @"视频";

UIViewController *controller3 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];

controller3.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];

controller3.tabBarItem.title = @"推荐";

UIViewController *controller4 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];

controller4.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGreyColor];

controller4.tabBarItem.title = @"我的";

[tabbarController setViewControllers:@[controller1, controller2, controller3, controller4];

self.window.rootViewController = tabbarController;

💡是否可以用NSArray结合controller的重写来实现呢？

setViewControllers可以用于控制先后顺序

UINavigationController

同样也是栈结构，管理页面间的跳转

可以通过UINavigationBar操作来实现切换

本身并没有逻辑和视图，因而需要使用initWithRootViewController来进行初始化，例如：

ViewController *viewController = [[ViewController alloc]init];
UINavigationController *navigationController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController: viewController];

1 2	ViewController viewController = [[ViewController alloc]init]; UINavigationController navigationController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController: viewController];

UINavigationBar

在屏幕顶部，backBarButtonItem backIndicatorImage字面意思，就是返回按钮和箭头。默认是上一个页面的title和返回按钮，rightBarButtonItem是右边的一个按钮

在最上面的例子中我们只需要用NavigationController替换上面的Controller即可

我们可以通过添加相应方法来推进一个新的UINavigatrionController

UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget: self action:@selector(pushController)];//建立一个手势，可以访问一定的方法
[view2 addGestureRecognizer: tapGesture];
- (void)pushController{
    UIViewController *viewController = [[UIViewController alloc]init];
    viewController.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    viewController.navigationItem.title = @"内容";
    viewController.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"右侧标题" style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: self action: nil]; 
    [self.navigationController pushViewController: [[UIViewController alloc]init] animated: (BOOL)]
}//这个是一个具体的方法，用来进入一个NavigationController控制的页面

UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget: self action:@selector(pushController)];//建立一个手势，可以访问一定的方法

[view2 addGestureRecognizer: tapGesture];

- (void)pushController{

UIViewController *viewController = [[UIViewController alloc]init];

viewController.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

viewController.navigationItem.title = @"内容";

viewController.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: @"右侧标题" style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: self action: nil];

[self.navigationController pushViewController: [[UIViewController alloc]init] animated: (BOOL)]

}//这个是一个具体的方法，用来进入一个NavigationController控制的页面

navigationItem的titleView可以将顶上的title换成别的

小结

MVC结构

M(Model)	V(View)	C(Controller)
UIBarButtonItem	UITabBar	UITabBarController
UITabBarItem	UINavigationBar	UINavigationController

UIWindow

一个特殊形式的UIView，提供在App中展示内容的基础窗口

只作为容器，和ViewController一起协同工作

一般来说一个屏幕上面只能出现和展示一个UIWindow

一般storyboard会自动创建，当然我们可以手动创建

self.window = [[UIWindow alloc]initWithFram:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
self.window.rootViewController = viewController;
[self window makeKeyAndVisable];

self.window = [[UIWindow alloc]initWithFram:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];

self.window.rootViewController = viewController;

[self window makeKeyAndVisable];

我们需要通过rootViewController的方法来设置这个window的rootViewController

Apple推荐使用的是以下类型：

或者将NavigationController放在前面，这样会产生一个整体的页面切换

这样的效果是在切换的时候TabBar的会消失不见

Delegate设计模式

tabBar.delegate = self;

设置self为delegate的接收者，也就是实现方法的对象

需要实现部分方法

- (BOOL) tabBarController: (UITabBarController *) tabBarController shouldSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController;//是否可以执行Controller的切换
- (void) tabBarController: (UITabBarController *) tabBarController didSelectViewController: (UIVIewController *)viewController;//执行完点击和切换操作后要执行的操作

1 2	- (BOOL) tabBarController: (UITabBarController ) tabBarController shouldSelectViewController:(UIViewController )viewController;//是否可以执行Controller的切换 - (void) tabBarController: (UITabBarController ) tabBarController didSelectViewController: (UIVIewController )viewController;//执行完点击和切换操作后要执行的操作

设计者角度

提供一些使用者可以自定义的操作

@optional/@required 注解

提供@property – delegate

在对应的时机，让delegate自动执行对应的方法

使用者角度

使用delegate=self来自己调用自己的delegate

设置self为delegate的接收者：

tabBar.delegate = self;

1	tabBar.delegate = self;

UITableView

用来处理的问题：

数据量大
样式较为统一
通常需要分组
垂直滚动
一般来说一个可视区只有一个

拥有以下控件：

tableHeaderView 页眉
tableFootView 页脚
UITableViewCell 每一个模块
UITableView 中间的列表模块

UITableView *tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame: self.view.bounds];
[self.view addSubView: tableView];

1 2	UITableView *tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame: self.view.bounds]; [self.view addSubView: tableView];

UITableViewDataSource

UITableView *tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame: self.view.bounds];
tableView.dataSource = self;
[self.view addSubView: tableView];
//以下是required
- (NSIngeter) tableView: (UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection (NSIngeter)section{
    return 20;
}
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
    UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];
    cell.textLabel.text = @"主标题";
    cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";
    cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];
    return cell;
}

UITableView *tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame: self.view.bounds];

tableView.dataSource = self;

[self.view addSubView: tableView];

//以下是required

- (NSIngeter) tableView: (UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection (NSIngeter)section{

return 20;

}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{

UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];

cell.textLabel.text = @"主标题";

cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";

cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];

return cell;

}

UITableViewCell默认提供四种样式：

UITableViewCellStyleDefault
UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle
UITableViewCellStyleValue1
UITableViewCellStyleValue2

默认可以设置的地方：

cell.imagecell
cell.contentView
cell.textLabel
cell.detailTextLabel

内存回收

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: @"id"];
    if(!cell){
        UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];
    }
    cell.textLabel.text = @"主标题";
    cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";
    cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];
    return cell;
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{

UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: @"id"];

if(!cell){

UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];

}

cell.textLabel.text = @"主标题";

cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";

cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];

return cell;

}

需要展现的时候，从系统的复用回收池中取，如果取不到的话，就生成一个

这样的话就可以实现复用回收机制，如果数据特别多的话，那么只需要提供一部分即可

如何标记一个TableViewCell

NSIndexPath其中有两个属性section和row，标记了cell的位置

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: @"id"];
    if(!cell){
        UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];
    }
    cell.textLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"主标题 - %@", @(indexPath.row)];
    cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";
    cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];
    return cell;
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView: (UITableView *) tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{

UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: @"id"];

if(!cell){

UITableViewCell *cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle: UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:@"id"];

}

cell.textLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"主标题 - %@", @(indexPath.row)];

cell.detainTextLabel.text = @"副标题";

cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"..."];

return cell;

}

这是只有一个section的时候，会自动标记位置

UITableViewDelegate

- (void) viewDidLoad{
    ...
    tableView.delegate = self；
    ...
}

- (void) viewDidLoad{

...

tableView.delegate = self；

...

}

需要在ViewController的@interface中添加协议UITableViewDelegate

常用函数：

willDisplayCell
willDisplayHeaderView
willDisplayFooterView
didEndDisplayingCell
didEndDisplayingHeaderView
didEndDisplayingFooterView
heightForRowAtIndexPath 设置高度（像素为单位，类型CGFloat）
didSelectRowAtIndexPath 点击的回调函数，一般在这里写UIViewController等视图

- (void) tableView: (UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
    UIViewController *controller = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
    controller.title = [NSString stringWithFormat :@"%@", @(indexPath.row)];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController: controller animated:YES];
}

- (void) tableView: (UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{

UIViewController *controller = [[UIViewController alloc] init];

controller.title = [NSString stringWithFormat :@"%@", @(indexPath.row)];

[self.navigationController pushViewController: controller animated:YES];

}

UICollectionView

提供列表展示的容器，内置复用回收池

相比UITableView支持纵向和横向的布局，会更加灵活，更多的动画

基于dataSource和delegated驱动的

不提供默认的样式

只有contentView / backgroundView

继承自UICollectionReusableView

必须先注册Cell才能进行重用

UICollectionViewFlowLayout *flowLayout = [[UICollectionViewFlowLayout alloc]init];
UICollectionView *collectionView = [[UICollectionView alloc]initWithFrame: self.view.bounds collectionViewLayout:flowLayout];
collcetionView.delegate = self;
collcetionView.dataSource = self;
[collcetionView registerClass: [UICollectionViewCell class] forCellWithReuseIdentifier:@"UICollectionViewCell"];
[self.view addSubview: collectionView];

UICollectionViewFlowLayout *flowLayout = [[UICollectionViewFlowLayout alloc]init];

UICollectionView *collectionView = [[UICollectionView alloc]initWithFrame: self.view.bounds collectionViewLayout:flowLayout];

collcetionView.delegate = self;

collcetionView.dataSource = self;

[collcetionView registerClass: [UICollectionViewCell class] forCellWithReuseIdentifier:@"UICollectionViewCell"];

[self.view addSubview: collectionView];

需要加入协议UICollectionViewDataSource、UICollectionViewDelegate

和UITable类似需要用- (NSInteger) collectionView:numberOfItemsInSection:来控制列表大小

也可以通过- (__kindof) UICollectionViewCell *)collectionView:cellForItemAtIndexPath:来从复用回收池中取一个(return [collectionView dequeueReusableCellWithReuseIdentifer:@”UICollectionViewCell” forIndexPath: indexPath])

默认大小50×50

UICollectionViewDataSource

numberOfItemsInSection: (NSIngeter) section;
cellForItemAtIndexPath: (NSIndexPath *)indexPath;

UICollectionViewDelegates

willDisplayCell / endDisplayCell…
– (void) collectionView: (UICollectionView *)collectionView didSelectItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *) indexPath;

UICollectionViewLayout

提供基本的容器、滚动、复用功能

布局信息交给开发者

Layout管理很多的Attributes，每一个cell都对应一个Attribute

系统默认Layout

minimumLineSpacing 行间大小

ItemSize cell大小

minimumInteritemSpacing 纵向大小

UICollectionViewFlowLayout *flowLayout = [[UICollectionViewFlowLayout alloc]init];
flowLayout.minimumLineSpacing = 10;
flowLayout.minimumInteritemSpacing = 10;
flowLayout.itemSize = CGSizeMake((self.view.frame.size.width - 10)/2, 300);//这里需要匹配，保证大小合适

UICollectionViewFlowLayout *flowLayout = [[UICollectionViewFlowLayout alloc]init];

flowLayout.minimumLineSpacing = 10;

flowLayout.minimumInteritemSpacing = 10;

flowLayout.itemSize = CGSizeMake((self.view.frame.size.width - 10)/2, 300);//这里需要匹配，保证大小合适

区分处理indexPath，通过以下方法可以自定义任何的size，可以设置很多的样式

- (CGSize) collectionView: (UICollectionView *) collectionView layout: (UICollectionViewLayout *)collectionViewLayout sizeForItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
    if(indexPath.item % 3==0){
        return CGSizeMake(self.view.frame.size.width,100);
    }else{
        return CGSizeMake((self.view.frame.size.width-10)/2,3 00);
    }
}

- (CGSize) collectionView: (UICollectionView *) collectionView layout: (UICollectionViewLayout *)collectionViewLayout sizeForItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{

if(indexPath.item % 3==0){

return CGSizeMake(self.view.frame.size.width,100);

}else{

return CGSizeMake((self.view.frame.size.width-10)/2,3 00);

}

UITableView算是一个特殊Flow布局的UICollectionView，UICollectionView理论完全呃可以替代

在有双向的布局，特殊Flow布局等非普通场景（瀑布流、弹幕）都只能使用UICollectionView

UIScrollView

滚动展示的一个逻辑

contentOffset：滚动区域左上角与视图左上角的距离

frame：视图在屏幕中展示的大小、

contentSize：视图内部，内容可以滚动的区域

scrollEnabled 是否允许滚动
pagingEnabled 是否在一页内进行滚动
showHorizontalScrollIndicator 是否展示垂直滚动条
showVerticalScrollIndicator 是否展示水平滚动条
setContentOffset:animated:

- (void) viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    UIScrollView *scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
    scrollView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(self.view.bounds.size.width*5,
        self.view.bounds.size.height);//设置滚动的范围
    NSArray *colorArray = @[[UIColor redColor], [UIColor blueColor], [UIColor yellowColor], [UIColor lightGrayColor], [UIColor grayColor]];
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        [scrollView addSubView:({
            UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(scrollView.bounds.size.width * i, 0, scrollView.bounds.size.width, scrollView.bounds.size.height)];
            view.background.Color = [ColorArray objectAtIndex:i];
            view;
        })];
    }
    scrollView.pagingEnabled = YES;//翻页的效果，就是中间会产生一个一个的页面
    [self.view addSubview: scrollView];
}

- (void) viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

UIScrollView *scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];

scrollView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];

scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(self.view.bounds.size.width*5,

self.view.bounds.size.height);//设置滚动的范围

NSArray *colorArray = @[[UIColor redColor], [UIColor blueColor], [UIColor yellowColor], [UIColor lightGrayColor], [UIColor grayColor]];

for(int i=0;i<5;i++){

[scrollView addSubView:({

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(scrollView.bounds.size.width * i, 0, scrollView.bounds.size.width, scrollView.bounds.size.height)];

view.background.Color = [ColorArray objectAtIndex:i];

view;

})];

}

scrollView.pagingEnabled = YES;//翻页的效果，就是中间会产生一个一个的页面

[self.view addSubview: scrollView];

}

UIScrollViewDelegate

scrollViewDidScroll
scrollViewWillBeginDragging 将要开始拖拽
scrollViewWillEndDragging 将要结束拖拽
scrollViewDidEndDragging 结束拖拽
scrollViewWillBeginDecelerating 将要开始停止
scrollViewDIdEndDecelerating 停止

scrollView.delegate=self;
//记得上面声明一下协议

1 2	scrollView.delegate=self; //记得上面声明一下协议

可以实现以下功能：滚动、拽、减速

小结

UIView 渲染绘制/子视图管理

UIScrollView 滚动功能

UITableView、UICollectionView 继承了上面的功能并加上了子视图(Cell)布局和应用

UIScrollViewDelegate 滚动相关回调

UICollectionViewDelegate、UITableViewDelegate 基于滚动，视图（Cell）相关回调

UILable

展示一行或者多行只读文字的视图

原来的UIView

text 文字
font 字体
textColor 文字颜色
textAlignment 对齐方式
numberOfLines 最大展示行数
lineBreakMode
– (void)sizeToFit 固定大小，通过展示行数阶段；可变大小使用sizeToFit确定大小；从固定方向顺序统一布局

替换UITableViewCell中的默认布局样式，使用自定义UILabel进行复杂布局

@interface ...
@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *titleLabel;
@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *sourceLabel;
@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *commentLabel;
@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *timeLabel;
@end
- (instance) initWithStyle: （UITableViewCellStyle) style reuseIdentifier:(nullable NSString *)reuseIdentifier{
    if(self = [super initWithStyle:style reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier){
        [self.contentView addSubView:({
            self.titleLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 15, 300, 50)];
            self.titleLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
            self.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 16];
            self.titleLabel.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
            self.titleLabel;
        })];
        [self.contentView addSubView:({
            self.sourceLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 80, 50, 20)];
            self.sourceLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];
            self.sourceLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
            self.sourceLabel.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];
            self.sourceLabel;
        })];
        [self.contentView addSubView:({
            self.commentLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 80, 50, 20)];
            self.commentLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];
            self.commentLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
            self.commentLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
            self.commentLabel;
        })];
        [self.contentView addSubView:({
            self.timeLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(150, 80, 50, 20)];
            self.timeLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];
            self.timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
            self.timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
            self.timeLabel;
        })];
    }
}
- (void) layoutTableViewCell{//public 方法 在前面调用即可
    self.titleLabel.text = @"..."
    self.sourceLabel.text = @"..."
    [self.sourceLabel sizeToFit];
    self.commentLabel.frame = CGRectMake(...);//用来确定位置
    ...
}

@interface ...

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *titleLabel;

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *sourceLabel;

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *commentLabel;

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UILabel *timeLabel;

@end

- (instance) initWithStyle: （UITableViewCellStyle) style reuseIdentifier:(nullable NSString *)reuseIdentifier{

if(self = [super initWithStyle:style reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier){

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.titleLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 15, 300, 50)];

self.titleLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 16];

self.titleLabel.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];

self.titleLabel;

})];

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.sourceLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 80, 50, 20)];

self.sourceLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];

self.sourceLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.sourceLabel.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];

self.sourceLabel;

})];

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.commentLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 80, 50, 20)];

self.commentLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];

self.commentLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.commentLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

self.commentLabel;

})];

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.timeLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(150, 80, 50, 20)];

self.timeLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 12];

self.timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

self.timeLabel;

})];

}

- (void) layoutTableViewCell{//public 方法在前面调用即可

self.titleLabel.text = @"..."

self.sourceLabel.text = @"..."

[self.sourceLabel sizeToFit];

self.commentLabel.frame = CGRectMake(...);//用来确定位置

...

}

UIImage

包含以下类方法

+(nullable UIImage *)imageNamed: (NSString *)name;
+(nullable UIImage *)imageWithContentsOfFile: (NSString *)path;
+(nullable UIImage *)imageWithData: (NSData *) data;
+(UIImage *)imageWithCGImage: (CGImageRef) cgImage;

+(nullable UIImage *)imageNamed: (NSString *)name;

+(nullable UIImage *)imageWithContentsOfFile: (NSString *)path;

+(nullable UIImage *)imageWithData: (NSData *) data;

+(UIImage *)imageWithCGImage: (CGImageRef) cgImage;

UIImageView

静态图片使用UIImageView.image = UIImage;

UIImageView.animationImages = @[UIImage,UIImage...];
UIImageView.animationDuration = 1;
[UIImageView startAnimating];

UIImageView.animationImages = @[UIImage,UIImage...];

UIImageView.animationDuration = 1;

[UIImageView startAnimating];

接之前的代码，要在右边生成图片，需要设置位置

[self.contentView addSubView:({
    self.rightImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(330,15,70,70);
    self.rightImageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    self.rightImageView;
})];
- (void) layoutTableViewCell{
    ...
    self.rightImageView.frame = CGRectMake();
    self.rightImageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:...];
}

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.rightImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(330,15,70,70);

self.rightImageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.rightImageView;

})];

- (void) layoutTableViewCell{

...

self.rightImageView.frame = CGRectMake();

self.rightImageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:...];

}

UIViewContentMode

当图片尺寸与UIImageView尺寸不符的时候，自定义填充方式

ScaleToFill
TopLeft
BottomLeft
Center
AspectFit
AspectFill

…

UIButton

作为一个视图来说，可以展示图片，文字，不止有静态的展示功能，同时增加了用户交互的功能

具有按钮状态的功能，不同的按钮状态有不同的功能(enabled, selected, highlighted)

UITabBar就是一个UIButton

添加UIButton

@property (nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIButton *deleteButton;
[self.contentView addSubView:({
    self.deleteButton = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(290,80,30,20);
    [self.deleteButton setTitle: @"X" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
    [self.deleteButton setTitle: @"V" forState: UIControlStateHighlighted];// forState:转换到的状态
    self.deleteButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    self.deleteButton;
})];

@property (nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIButton *deleteButton;

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.deleteButton = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(290,80,30,20);

[self.deleteButton setTitle: @"X" forState: UIControlStateNormal];

[self.deleteButton setTitle: @"V" forState: UIControlStateHighlighted];// forState:转换到的状态

self.deleteButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.deleteButton;

})];

Target-Action设计模式

让一个对象执行一个操作

缺点是传值的限制比较多

[self.button addTarget: self//target
    action: @selector(clickButton:) //执行action
    forControlEvents: UIControlEventTouchUpInside;//包含所有可交互的事件

[self.button addTarget: self//target

action: @selector(clickButton:) //执行action

forControlEvents: UIControlEventTouchUpInside;//包含所有可交互的事件

@property (nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIButton *deleteButton;
[self.contentView addSubView:({
    self.deleteButton = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(290,80,30,20);
    [self.deleteButton setTitle: @"X" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
    [self.deleteButton setTitle: @"V" forState: UIControlStateHighlighted];// forState:转换到的状态
    [self.deleteBotton addTarget:self action: @selector (deleteButtonClick) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    self.deleteButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    self.deleteButton;
})];
-（void)deleteButtonClick{
    NSLog(@"deleteButtonClick");
}

@property (nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIButton *deleteButton;

[self.contentView addSubView:({

self.deleteButton = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(290,80,30,20);

[self.deleteButton setTitle: @"X" forState: UIControlStateNormal];

[self.deleteButton setTitle: @"V" forState: UIControlStateHighlighted];// forState:转换到的状态

[self.deleteBotton addTarget:self action: @selector (deleteButtonClick) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

self.deleteButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

self.deleteButton;

})];

-（void)deleteButtonClick{

NSLog(@"deleteButtonClick");

}

UIControl

在UIView上继承而来，集成了子类中可能用到的事件UIButton、UISlider等都是继承于UIControl

UIGestureRecognizer

手势封装：

UITapGestureRecognizer

UIPinchGestureRecognizer

UIRotationGestureRecognizer

UISwipeGestureRecognizer

UIPanGestureRecognizer

UILongPressGestureRecognizer

可以在任何视图上，增加一个或者多个手势，系统会自动识别手势，开发者自定义响应逻辑，采用Target-Action的方式进行处理

创建手势
设置响应处理
从视图中添加

[view addSubView:({
    UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 100)];
    view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(viewClick)];
    [view addGestureRecognizer: tapGesture]
    view;
})]
- (void) viewClick{
    NSLog(@"viewClick");
}

[view addSubView:({

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 100)];

view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(viewClick)];

[view addGestureRecognizer: tapGesture]

view;

})]

- (void) viewClick{

NSLog(@"viewClick");

}

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate

手势的不同阶段：UIGestureRecognizerState

UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan
UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed

此方式可以扩展手势操作

是否响应手势

是否支持多手势

多个手势冲突如何处理

– gestureRecognizerShouldBegin是否要响应手势

UIAlertView

苹果已经废弃该API

基本逻辑：

创建View、Label、Button以及分割线
通过UILabel、UIButton、UIView设计样式
内置Button点击手势，取消隐藏

开发者需要提供

主标题和副标题文字
按钮文字

将基本按钮中的可定制业务，封装Delegate，来自定义一部分方法

小结

提供构建App最核心的模块：视图、用户交互等

MVC设计模式：系统封装视图和逻辑，开发者提供数据驱动

交互：Delegate或者Target-Action方式

WKWebView

WebKit框架

UIWebView已经废弃，支持差，内存泄露等Bug

IOS 8+版本WKWebView，独立进程，内存，更好的支持，Crash不影响App，采用了较新的JIT技术

-(instancetype) initWithFrame: (CGRect) frame configuration: (WKWebViewConfiguration *) configuration;

-(nullable WKNavigation *) loadRequest: (NSURLRequest *)request;

-(nullable WKNavigation *) loadHTMLString: (NSString *)string baseURL: (nullable NSURL *) baseURL;

WKWebViewDelegates

WKNavigationDelegate

decidePolicyForNavigationAction 是否加载请求

didFinishNavigation WebView完成加载

didFailNavigation WebView加载失败(loading View展示，重试按钮)

webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate WebView Crash回调(自动重新加载)

WKUIDelegate

runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage 处理alert

runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage 处理confirm

runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithMessage 处理prompt

@interface ...
@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) WKWebView *webView;
@end
@implementation ...
- (void) viewDidLoad{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self.view addSubview: ({
        self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height - 88);
        self.webView;
    })];
    [self.webView loadRequest: [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://time.geekbang.org"]]];
}

@interface ...

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) WKWebView *webView;

@end

@implementation ...

- (void) viewDidLoad{

[super viewDidLoad];

[self.view addSubview: ({

self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height - 88);

self.webView;

})];

[self.webView loadRequest: [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://time.geekbang.org"]]];

}

使用WKWebView流程

创建WKWebView
设置Delegate以及样式，JS注入等
加载URL或HTML字符串
在相应的回调中处理业务逻辑

观察者模式（KVO）

定义了一种一对多的关系，可以让多个观察者同时监听一个对象

每一个观察者在被观察者身上注册一个，被观察者状态改变的时候通过广播给所有的观察者

注册监听

[self.webview addObserver: self
    forKeyPath: @"estimatedProgress"
    Options: NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
    context: nil];

[self.webview addObserver: self

forKeyPath: @"estimatedProgress"

Options: NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew

context: nil];

self作为监听者，接受事件
监听estimatedProcess属性，这个属性是加载的进度

移除监听

[self.webview removeObserver: self forKeyPath: @"estimatedProcess"];

1	[self.webview removeObserver: self forKeyPath: @"estimatedProcess"];

接收通知

- (void) observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable NSString *)keyPath
                        ofObject:(nullable id) object
                        change:(nullable id) NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey, id> *)change
                        context:(nullable void *)context{
    // 业务逻辑                        
         ...               
    }

- (void) observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable NSString *)keyPath

ofObject:(nullable id) object

change:(nullable id) NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey, id> *)change

context:(nullable void *)context{

// 业务逻辑

...

}

监听WebView属性：

- (void) viewDidLoad{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self.view addSubview: ({
        self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height - 88);
        self.webView;
    })];
    [self.webView loadRequest: [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://time.geekbang.org"]]];
    [self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath: @"estimateProgress" options: NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];//属性有新变化告诉我们
}
- （void) dealloc{
    [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath: @"estimateProgress"];
}

- (void) viewDidLoad{

[super viewDidLoad];

[self.view addSubview: ({

self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height - 88);

self.webView;

})];

[self.webView loadRequest: [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://time.geekbang.org"]]];

[self.webView addObserver:self forKeyPath: @"estimateProgress" options: NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];//属性有新变化告诉我们

}

- （void) dealloc{

[self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath: @"estimateProgress"];

}

添加进度条：

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIProgressView *progressView;
- (void) viewDidLoad中添加：
[self.view addSubView:({
    self.progressView = [[UIProgressView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, 20]
    self.progressView;
})];
- (void) observeValueForKeyPath中添加：
self.progressView.progress = self.webView.estimatedProgress;

@property(nonatomic, strong, readwrite) UIProgressView *progressView;

- (void) viewDidLoad中添加：

[self.view addSubView:({

self.progressView = [[UIProgressView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 88, self.view.frame.size.width, 20]

self.progressView;

})];

- (void) observeValueForKeyPath中添加：

self.progressView.progress = self.webView.estimatedProgress;

注意：需要移除Crash风险、复杂的方法名 & 参数

常用的开源KVO：KVOController

ByteDance IOS开发日记 Day6

于1月 24, 2021由WindCry1发布

UIView

UIViewController

利用UIView和UIViewController搭建App

单页面展示

多页面管理

UITabBar

UITabBarContoller

UINavigationController

UINavigationBar

小结

UIWindow

Delegate设计模式

设计者角度

使用者角度

UITableView

UITableViewDataSource

内存回收

如何标记一个TableViewCell

UITableViewDelegate

UICollectionView

UICollectionViewDataSource

UICollectionViewDelegates

UICollectionViewLayout

UIScrollView

UIScrollViewDelegate

小结

UILable

UIImage

UIImageView

UIViewContentMode

UIButton

Target-Action设计模式

UIControl

UIGestureRecognizer

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate

UIAlertView

小结

WKWebView

WKWebViewDelegates

WKNavigationDelegate

WKUIDelegate

使用WKWebView流程

观察者模式（KVO）

注册监听

移除监听

接收通知

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